Safe: Ownership Infra Layer For Onchain Applications

Key Takeaways

• Safe has evolved from a custody solution into a fundamental layer for onchain ownership and account infrastructure. Safe now secures $50 billion in assets and has deployed over 43 million smart accounts, becoming essential infrastructure in blockchain ecosystem.

• Safe's modular architecture provides flexibility and scalability through a design that effectively separates transaction execution, security verification, and standards support, enabling complex functionalities that were impossible to implement with traditional EOA-based wallets.

• Safe ecosystem connects over 200 applications on a unified infrastructure. Services spanning asset management, automation, payments, and AI leverage Safe's proven security and modularity to deliver an integrated onchain experience to users.

1. Safe, Blockchain's Ownership Layer

1.1 Becoming A Standard for Smart Account

Source: GIP-29: Spin-off safeDAO and Launch SAFE Token

Safe's journey began in 2017 as an internal project at Gnosis to securely manage funds raised from their ICO. At the time, crypto market lacked reliable solutions for safely storing large amounts of funds, which prompted Gnosis team to develop a proof-of-concept for a multi-signature wallet. This project was later open-sourced as Gnosis MultiSig and quickly gained adoption among numerous projects during the ICO boom, eventually becoming the de facto standard for multi-signature wallets.

In 2018, Gnosis Safe was launched to offer expanded functionality beyond a simple multi-signature wallet, and in 2022, it spun off from Gnosis to become an independent Safe project. Through this evolution, Safe has established itself as dominant ownership layer in crypto.

Source: Safe

Currently, Safe manages over $50 billion in assets, second only to Ethereum's staking deposit contract, far exceeding the Total Value Locked (TVL) of the largest DeFi protocols but also matches or surpasses the deposits held by most centralized exchanges (CEX) except Binance. An interesting fact about Safe is that it holds approximately 3.4% of all USDC in circulation and 9.7% of Cryptopunks, demonstrating the deep trust it has earned within the crypto ecosystem.

This trust is also confirmed through actual trading activity. In Q1 2025 alone, the total volume processed through Safe reached $189.6 billion, setting a new quarterly record and representing an increase of over 65% compared to the previous quarter. Particularly notable is the DEX trading volume of $26.2 billion, which surged by an impressive 442% quarter-over-quarter, demonstrating that Safe has evolved beyond simple asset custody to become core infrastructure for the DeFi ecosystem.

Safe's true strength lies in having built an extensive ecosystem rather than just a single product. Many users don't realize that Safe currently serves as foundational protocol for numerous applications and protocols. From Worldcoin's free identity verification system to Polymarket's decentralized prediction markets, over 200 diverse projects are built on Safe's infrastructure.

Moreover, applications based on Safe don't merely borrow its technology—they create synergies by interconnecting within Safe ecosystem. For example, more than 120 DeFi applications registered in Safe App Store can be accessed directly through Safe wallet interface, allowing users to utilize various services without moving their assets. This integration is also evident in the native swap feature introduced in 2024 Q3, which recorded over $750 million in trading volume and generated $880,000 in fee revenue in Q1 2025 alone.

Source: The Safe Case #2: Digital Ownership in Your Pocket

The widespread adoption of Safe within the blockchain ecosystem demonstrates that it has evolved beyond a simple multi-signature wallet to become core infrastructure for Web3. In particular, Safe has become essential infrastructure for enterprises, DAOs, and institutional investors. Following trust crises with centralized service providers like the FTX collapse, the value of Safe's approach—directly managing assets while enhancing security through multi-signature functionality—has become even more apparent.

As onchain environment grows increasingly complex and diverse, importance of integrated interfaces like Safe continues to grow. Safe has transcended its role as a tool for storing assets to become a core infrastructure for digital economy, establishing a new standard for experience of interacting with onchain applications.

1.2 Safe's Core Protocol and Modular Account Stack

Safe goes beyond being just a wallet, offering a comprehensive smart account technology stack. This infrastructure is divided into two main product lines: Safe{Wallet}, which serves as an interface for end users, and Safe{Core}, which enables developers to integrate smart accounts into their applications. Both products are built on Safe's modular smart account architecture.

1.2.1 Safe{Core}: Smart Account Infrastructure for Developers

Safe{Core} provides developers with tools and architecture to easily incorporate smart account functionality into onchain applications. In traditional EOA (Externally Owned Account) systems, developers had to manually implement low-level operations like private key management, transaction signing, and gas fee handling. Safe{Core} abstracts away these complexities, making it straightforward to implement advanced features such as batch transactions or gasless transactions.

Source: Safe{Core} Protocol Whitepaper

What sets Safe{Core} apart from competitors is its vendor neutrality and modularity. While most account abstraction solutions focus on specific use cases or lack robust security considerations, Safe{Core} was designed with modularity, vendor independence, and security as its core principles. This allows developers to integrate an account abstraction solution that maintains verified security standards without being tied to a specific vendor.

Safe{Core} technology stack is available in two formats: SDKs and APIs. The SDK offers comprehensive libraries for smart account interactions, covering everything from deploying new accounts to processing transactions and managing account settings throughout the account's lifecycle. For instance, when implementing multi-signature functionality, developers can use the SDK's high-level interfaces instead of writing low-level logic for collecting signatures or verifying execution conditions.

Safe's SDK follows a modular design, allowing developers to use only the features they need. This minimizes unnecessary code and dependencies while optimizing application performance and security. Currently, Safe SDK consists of four packages that provide different levels of abstraction and functionality: a starter kit for basic integration, a protocol kit for low-level contract interactions, a relay kit for advanced transaction features, and more.

Safe's API provides endpoints for smart account interactions. It offers infrastructure for efficiently handling tasks that would be difficult or expensive to implement directly onchain, such as transaction indexing, off-chain signature exchange, and event services. For multi-signature transactions specifically, the entire process—from collecting signatures from multiple signers to verifying them and executing the final transaction when conditions are met—can be managed through Safe's API.

1.2.2 Safe{Wallet}: Asset Management Interface

Built on the Safe core protocol, Safe{Wallet} is a flagship user-facing product that serves as a comprehensive digital asset management interface. The product initially gained traction through its robust multi-signature functionality, eventually becoming treasury management solution of choice for most DAOs. But what began as a specialized tool for organizations has transformed into a gateway for all users to access powerful capabilities of smart accounts.

Safe{Wallet} consistently pushes boundaries of what's possible in a wallet through innovative features. Users can leverage counterfactual deployment to postpone gas expenses until they actually need to transact. Before executing any transaction, built-in simulation and risk assessment tools help users spot potential threats. For those worried about losing access, social recovery feature provides peace of mind by offering secure asset recovery options in case of private key loss.

Source: Safe{Wallet}

With its integrated app store hosting over 200 applications, Safe{Wallet} has redefined what users can expect from a wallet. Without ever leaving the wallet interface, users can directly engage with DeFi protocols, manage NFT collections, use cross-chain bridges, and participate in governance decisions. This highlights how wallets are evolving from simple storage solutions into comprehensive portals for the entire Web3 ecosystem.

1.2.3 Modular Architecture: Balancing Flexibility and Security

Source: Safe Smart Accounts & Diamond Proxies

One of key advantages of Safe's wallet infrastructure lies in its modular architecture. Following the principle of "separation of concerns," Safe's design clearly distinguishes three core functions: transaction execution, security verification, and standards support. This architecture is implemented through three types of plugins:

1. Modules: Modules are whitelisted addresses that can execute transactions on behalf of a Safe smart account. For example, Allowance Module lets you grant specific accounts spending limits, enabling them to use funds within defined boundaries without requiring approval from other users. Modules operate independently from the core contract and interact only through defined methods like specific functions.

2. Guards: Guards act as hook mechanisms that perform additional security checks on transactions. Before execution, guards examine all transaction parameters and only allow execution if everything checks out. After completion, guards are called again to validate the transaction's results. This enables restrictions on interactions with specific contracts or monitoring of account state changes.

3. Fallback Handlers: Fallback Handlers process incoming calls and implement callbacks for new standards or asset types. Notable examples include contract signatures through EIP-1271 and support for various token standards like ERC-721, ERC-1155, and ERC-777.

These three types of plugins operate independently, maintaining their own storage. Interactions between accounts occur only through predefined interfaces, enabling robust security guidelines and automated testing. Through this modular architecture, Safe can keep pace with the rapidly evolving blockchain ecosystem while maintaining critical security functions.

2. Safe Ecosystem

Safe's wallet infrastructure has already been widely adopted across the blockchain ecosystem, often without users even realizing it. Currently, over 200 decentralized applications leverage Safe's wallet stack to provide services, from major blockchain projects like Worldcoin and Lens Protocol to the most widely used DeFi services like Uniswap and Aave, all integrating Safe technology as their core infrastructure.

The application ecosystem formed around Safe is creating a new type of digital financial environment where diverse services are organically connected on a single infrastructure. Users can freely navigate between multiple applications with a single smart account, accessing a wide range of features from asset management to payments, investments, and AI-based automation. Individual applications provide their own unique services while sharing network effects of the entire ecosystem through common foundation of Safe. In this chapter, we'll examine the applications providing services using Safe's infrastructure, categorized by their functions.

2.1 Custody and Asset Management

In crypto, secure storage and efficient management of assets is a fundamental yet critical challenge. In traditional finance, banks or centralized custody services handled this role, but Web3 environment required a fundamental change in custody methods alongside decentralization of asset ownership. Safe's smart account infrastructure stands at the center of this transformation, significantly enhancing both security and convenience of self-custody model where users directly manage their private keys.

Safe-based custody applications utilize advanced features such as multisig mechanisms, guard modules, and social recovery to solve various asset management issues faced by businesses, DAOs, and individual investors. In particular, automating complex approval processes for institutional fund management, monitoring transactions to prevent cryptocurrency attacks, and risk management systems that support regulatory compliance provide value beyond a simple wallet.

2.1.1 Brahma

Source: Brahma Docs

Brahma is an integrated asset management platform built on Safe's smart account technology, offering solutions that simplify and automate complex cryptocurrency transactions. While maintaining a non-custodial structure, it significantly improves the user experience and provides customized services for various users from individuals to institutional asset managers.

Brahma's most distinctive feature is its programmable account structure. Users can set up various automation strategies such as regular token purchases, yield position rebalancing, and asset rebalancing without complex coding knowledge. Additionally, users can bundle multiple steps such as borrowing and depositing, swapping and bridging into a single transaction, achieving both gas savings and time efficiency.

Brahma leverages Safe's modular architecture to provide two types of accounts:

1. Brahma: A standard account for general individual users that allows for simple asset management through an intuitive interface and built-in security features. Transaction simulation and risk assessment features are provided by default to prevent unintended losses.

2. Brahma Pro: An advanced account for professional traders, onchain teams, and asset managers, offering features such as multisig approval processes, access control, and sub-account management. The sub-account feature, in particular, allows for separating assets according to risk level and applying different strategies to each.

Brahma's backend stack is built on Safe's smart accounts, maintaining high security while providing a user-friendly interface. Technical complexities such as gas fee calculations, transaction processing, and cross-chain asset movements are handled in the backend, allowing users to focus solely on core decision-making of asset management.

2.1.2 Headquarters

Source: Headquarters

Headquarters offers a comprehensive financial management platform for teams and businesses operating in the Web3 ecosystem. Functioning as an onchain business account, it provides an integrated management center spanning digital assets, payments, accounting, and fund operations across both cryptocurrency and traditional finance.

The core value proposition of Headquarters lies in eliminating the fragmented experience many Web3 teams face when managing their finances. The platform unifies batch payments, token transfers, crypto-to-bank account disbursements, portfolio tracking, and automated accounting integrations within a single interface. Users can make payments to over 1.3 million vendors and process payroll through stablecoin-to-bank-account conversions.

Headquarters utilizes Safe's smart contract wallet framework as its foundational infrastructure. Through Safe's multisig functionality, account abstraction, and programmable transaction policies, Headquarters ensures only authorized team members can execute transactions, maintaining security even when handling substantial funds. By leveraging Safe's infrastructure alongside their proprietary features, Headquarters delivers several key benefits:

1. Customizable Payment Workflows: Teams can draft payment instructions in advance and require multiple approvals before execution, reducing risk and strengthening internal controls.

2. Seamless Payment Systems: Built on Safe's smart accounts, the platform enables secure token-based payments and stablecoin-to-bank-account transfers for real-world expenses.

3. Accounting Integration: Leveraging Safe's programmable architecture, Headquarters automates transaction categorization and reconciliation, directly connecting with accounting tools like Xero and QuickBooks.

4. Self-Custodial Corporate Cards: Plans include a Visa corporate card program based on Safe's wallet infrastructure that allows spending stablecoins. This ensures card transactions remain self-custodial and secure.

Headquarters has processed nearly $1 billion in transactions for major Web3 clients using Safe's infrastructure. This integration ensures all fund management and payment operations are protected by Safe's battle-tested smart contract security while providing the flexibility and programmable features necessary for modern cryptocurrency businesses.

2.1.3 World

Source: Worldcoin

World represents the largest-scale implementation leveraging Safe's smart account infrastructure, with over 27 million smart accounts deployed through the World App. The World App serves as a crucial case study demonstrating the scalability of account abstraction, where every World App user receives an EVM wallet that is a smart contract deployed on-chain using Safe's singleton proxy architecture. This implementation maintains a fully self-custodial model while using smart contracts, ensuring users retain complete control; over their private keys.

World's unique characteristic lies in the integration of biometric authentication-based World ID system with Safe smart accounts. World creates unique human identity through iris biometric authentication via Orb, using zero-knowledge proofs and secure multi-party computation to prove humanity while maintaining privacy. Verified World ID holders receive free gas allowances to perform transactions and are given priority block space allocation over bots on World chain.

Through Safe's account abstraction capabilities, the World App provides a seamless user experience without requiring users to understand gas fees, private key management, or technical blockchain concepts. Safe's functionality provides enhanced security compared to traditional externally owned accounts (EOA), and integration with Safe's social recovery module allows users to recover their accounts even if they lose access to their owner keys. Additionally, passkey login developed in collaboration with Safe eliminates the need for seed phrases and uses biometric authentication instead. As of 2024-2025, the World App has over 27 million users across more than 160 countries worldwide, with 400k daily active users and over 2 million transactions - establishing themselves as one of the largest self-custodial wallets.

2.1.4 Zeal

Source: Zeal

Zeal is a self-custodial smart wallet that leverages Safe's smart contract infrastructure to provide a user-friendly cryptocurrency wallet experience that bridges traditional finance and decentralized finance.

Zeal's core value lies in its seedless wallet management approach and biometric authentication system. Zeal completely eliminates traditional seed phrases and uses device security enclaves and biometric recognition (fingerprint, face recognition), utilizing Google and Apple passkeys for wallet recovery and transaction signing. Additionally, Zeal leverages Safe's multisig infrastructure to enforce that all Zeal smart wallets have at least two owners, including a unique passkey validator contract (biometric/passkey authentication) and a local private key (backup/recovery mechanism). Passkey verification is performed on-chain without relying on third parties, preserving self-custody.

Zeal leverages Safe's infrastructure to provide institutional-level protection while implementing a consumer-friendly user experience. It offers features such as instant setup through biometric recognition, paying network fees with stablecoins and other tokens using Gelato relay, and seamless integration of real-world payments through Gnosis Pay Visa cards with on-chain transactions. Zeal provides 6% annual yield on cash deposits through Sky and Aave integrations, offers up to 4% cashback on Visa card transactions, and provides simplified access to high-yield DeFi protocols.

2.1.5 Candide

Source: Candide

Candide is a smart wallet development infrastructure project that provides a comprehensive toolkit for ERC-4337 account abstraction tools, operating their own Safe-based wallet service called Candide Wallet. They have developed high-performance smart wallet modules and development kits using their proprietary technology, integrating Safe's social recovery module to build a complete smart wallet stack. Candide's core value lies in their open-source-first approach, avoiding vendor lock-in to build the most secure smart contract infrastructure.

The most notable among Candide's technical innovations is their proprietary social recovery module developed based on Safe's existing social recovery module. This system, also implemented in the aforementioned WorldCoin accounts, enables account recovery through M-of-N guardian approval and provides configurable delay periods including default options of 3, 7, and 14 days. It is compatible with both single-owner and n-m multisig accounts and includes security features such as nonce-based replay protection, signature verification, and cancellation mechanisms.

In terms of performance, Candide Wallet is also highly excellent. Candide's implemented Voltaire bundler holds the fastest record, completing ERC-4337 compatibility tests in 1 minute and 51 seconds. Additionally, their Python/Rust-implemented bundler is optimized for Safe accounts and includes various optimization options such as a 10% penalty system for unused gas limits, Flashbots-style bundle optimization for MEV integration, and P2P mempool for decentralized UserOperation propagation. Candide focuses on building their open-source wallet as a public good for smart accounts in the Ethereum ecosystem, solidifying their position as a major wallet service for Safe-based account abstraction implementation.

2.2 Smart Wallets and Automation Tools

Traditional EOA wallets required each transaction to be individually signed and executed, with complex DeFi interactions demanding multiple manual steps. This approach was not only inefficient in terms of time and gas fees but also increased the risk of user error. Safe's smart account framework overcomes these limitations by providing developers with a foundation to implement customized execution logic and automated workflows tailored to users' needs.

Smart wallet and automation solutions deliver value to diverse user groups, from everyday users to professional traders, DAOs, and enterprises. Within the Safe ecosystem, these solutions leverage Safe's modular architecture and smart account to significantly enhance the efficiency and usability of onchain interactions through features like automating repetitive tasks, simplifying complex multi-step transactions, configuring conditional execution, and implementing time-based triggers.

2.2.1 Palmera

Source: Palmera

Palmera offers a smart fund management solution for organizations, DAOs, businesses, and individuals, enabling efficient management of multiple Safe accounts across various blockchains. Through a single dashboard, users can manage assets and transactions across more than 25 EVM-compatible chains, significantly simplifying the complexity of onchain fund operations.

Palmera's core value lies in its ability to holistically manage assets distributed across multiple Safe wallets and diverse chains. Large DAOs and businesses often operate numerous multisig wallets across different chains, a structure that complicates efficient fund management and decision-making. Palmera addresses this challenge by providing a unified dashboard that encompasses all Safe accounts and chains.

Palmera extends Safe's smart account infrastructure in the following ways:

1. Enhanced Collaboration Tools: Palmera adds features to Safe accounts such as team member addition, role assignment, and attaching tags and notes to transactions. These capabilities allow team members to clearly understand transaction purposes and context, enabling more efficient collaboration. The address book feature, in particular, replaces complex Ethereum addresses with human-readable aliases, reducing mistakes and streamlining workflows.

2. Cross-Chain Indexing: Palmera indexes Safe contract activity (including ERC-20 events) across all supported chains, enabling real-time asset composition tracking and comprehensive report generation. This feature supports auditing, compliance, and strategic planning.

3. Hierarchical Safe Structure: Palmera utilizes Safe's modular architecture to implement a hierarchical Safe structure. This allows one Safe to have authority over others, enabling the implementation of complex governance and risk management models. For example, an organization can separate operational funds from long-term investment funds while maintaining oversight of all subsidiary Safes through a top-level management Safe.

4. White Label Solutions: Palmera enables blockchain networks and ecosystems to deploy their own branded Safe wallet apps. Examples include the Flare Multisig App, Conway Safe Wallet, and Neo X's XSafe. This service provides Safe's infrastructure and Palmera's management tools tailored to the specific needs of particular chains or ecosystems.

Palmera is a highly secure fund management platform used by over 700 organizations. It maintains all the benefits of Safe's multisig security, proven smart contracts, and programmable policies while adding its own layers of privacy, reporting, and team collaboration features to evolve into an enterprise-level fund management solution.

2.2.2 Zodiac

Zodiac provides a modular toolkit designed specifically for decentralized organizations, offering flexible and secure governance systems built atop Safe's smart account infrastructure. The deep integration between Zodiac and Safe enables DAOs and other organizations to implement granular role-based access controls, streamline complex operations, and build sophisticated financial and governance systems while maintaining the security and transparency of Safe's multisig architecture.

One of Zodiac's standout features is the Roles Modifier, which implements an onchain permission system allowing organizations to create and assign detailed roles and permissions. For example, a DAO can grant a treasury manager the authority to execute specific transactions without surrendering full control over the funds. Permissions can be precisely calibrated according to functions, parameters, frequency, and thresholds, creating a powerful and programmable access control framework.

Source: Zodiac Pilot

Recently, Zodiac launched a new tool called 'Pilot.' This browser-based utility allows Safe account owners and delegated operators to compose and execute multi-step transactions across various dApps. Zodiac Pilot combines modular batch processing, programmable permissions, and an integrated sandbox environment where transactions can be simulated before being sent onchain. Pilot's key capabilities include:

1. Multi-dApp Batching: Bundling several onchain operations into a single transaction to reduce costs and complexity.

2. Simulation Forking: Testing transactions in a dedicated test environment before committing them onchain.

3. Side Panel Interface: Operating from a browser-native side panel without disrupting the workflow.

4. Multi-Account Management: Viewing balances, switching between Safe accounts, and transferring assets all from a single interface.

For example, using Zodiac Pilot, a user can create a single transaction that swaps tokens on CoW Swap, deposits tokens into Lido, and rebalances positions on Balancer, saving gas fees by handling the entire process as one unified transaction.

2.2.3 Enso Finance

Source: Enso Finance

Enso Finance represents the next generation of DeFi infrastructure, abstracting and unifying onchain interactions to allow users to easily build, automate, and execute complex strategies across multiple protocols and blockchains. Its integration with Safe's wallet infrastructure ensures secure, multisig-capable, and upgradeable execution of all actions, making Enso a powerful tool for both individual users and organizations managing assets onchain.

At Enso's core is a universal engine that allows users to express desired outcomes (or "intents")—such as swaps, lending, borrowing, or portfolio management—without specifying the underlying transaction steps. Enso's SDK maps these user intentions to a shared engine that abstracts and executes the necessary smart contract interactions across all supported blockchains, delivering optimal execution and efficiency.

Enso's unified API enables developers and users to interact with diverse DeFi protocols and EVM-compatible chains through a single interface. This reduces integration overhead and allows cross-chain operations like swaps or lending without leaving the Enso environment. In the process, multiple transactions are bundled into single operations, saving users gas fees and reducing friction.

Enso Finance's solution consists of two core elements:

1. Actions: Modular building blocks representing specific smart contract transactions (e.g., swaps, lending, borrowing, NFT minting). Developers can bundle multiple actions together to create individual shortcuts.

2. Shortcuts: Reusable and composable bundles of actions that can be shared or executed sequentially, allowing users or developers to automate complex workflows without writing code.

Enso's modular architecture is designed to be compatible with Safe's smart accounts, enabling users and organizations to execute Enso actions and shortcuts directly from their Safe accounts. This integration allows secure, multisig execution of complex DeFi workflows, making it ideal for DAOs, teams, and institutions already using Safe for fund management.

Additionally, Enso's wallet contracts implement advanced access control and role management similar to Safe's multisig and permission features. This ensures that only authorized users or signers can execute critical operations, providing functionality comparable to Safe's security model. By integrating Safe's wallet infrastructure, Enso offers a powerful tool for both individual users and organizations managing assets onchain.

2.2.4 Onchain Den

Source: Onchain Den

Onchain Den is a comprehensive wallet management platform for teams and organizations built on top of Safe contracts, specializing in simplifying the complex on-chain operations that DAOs and enterprises face. While maintaining Safe's proven security as a foundation, it provides additional advanced features required for enterprise-grade operations, significantly improving treasury management and operational efficiency.

Onchain Den's core value lies in bridging the gap between cryptocurrency and traditional financial systems. Users can send cryptocurrency and recipients can receive it directly as fiat currency through a system that enables payments to vendors or employees without requiring complex cryptocurrency knowledge. Additionally, direct transfer functionality from stablecoins to bank accounts seamlessly connects traditional business operations with on-chain asset management.

Onchain Den's unique features utilizing Safe's infrastructure include comprehensive asset tracking and analysis capabilities. The platform enables management of multiple wallets, smart accounts, and contracts from a single dashboard, automatically categorizing thousands of transactions in seconds through a powerful rule-based system. This allows organizations to visually track cash flow, balance changes, profit and loss, and generate income statements and balance sheets instantly at any time.

Additionally, Onchain Den provides automation tools that significantly improve the efficiency of multisig operations. It sends continuous notifications to signers until transaction execution through Discord, Telegram, Slack, and SMS bots, eliminating the need for users to manually seek out signers. Transaction simulation and risk assessment features identify and prevent malicious or misconfigured transactions before execution, improving understanding of complex multisig transactions and minimizing the risk of fund loss.

2.2.5 DeFi Saver

Source: DeFi Saver

DeFi Saver is a DeFi position management platform built on Safe's smart contract infrastructure, specializing in automating and optimizing complex DeFi strategies. Starting in the early DeFi market in 2019, this project has evolved into an integrated management solution covering major DeFi protocols including Aave, Compound, and Morpho.

DeFi Saver's core lies in atomic transaction execution utilizing Safe smart wallets. While complex operations like leverage position adjustments or inter-protocol migrations required multiple separate transactions in traditional EOA-based systems, DeFi Saver enables bundling and executing these operations as single transactions based on smart wallets. For example, three-step operations of collateral withdrawal, token swap, and debt repayment can be processed atomically, eliminating liquidation risks that could occur during intermediate steps.

Another powerful feature implemented utilizing Safe smart wallet infrastructure is the automation system. Through this, DeFi Saver monitors users' positions 24/7 and automatically adjusts positions according to preset conditions. The automatic liquidation protection feature during market downturns maintains safety ratios by selling some collateral to repay debt, while the automatic leverage increase feature during market upturns maximizes profit opportunities. This automation is executed on a block-by-block basis, enabling immediate response to market changes.

DeFi Saver also provides a 'Loan Shifter' feature that simplifies position movement between protocols. Through this feature, users can move positions to protocols offering better interest rates or conditions with one click, utilizing flash loans during this process to eliminate capital requirements at intermediate steps. This feature particularly enables users to efficiently manage positions in the highly volatile DeFi environment.

2.3 Payment Solutions

Crypto's path to mainstream financial adoption requires seamless support for everyday transactions—yet crypto payments have historically struggled with volatility, confirmation delays, and unintuitive address formats. Safe's smart account infrastructure tackles these fundamental usability challenges, transforming how users interact with digital assets in real-world payment scenarios.

Within the Safe ecosystem, payment applications act as crucial connectors between blockchain networks and traditional financial systems. These solutions allow users to leverage their digital assets without navigating complex technical hurdles. Leading projects like Gnosis Pay have pioneered practical implementations, enabling crypto spending through standard Visa terminals, streamlining payroll distribution, and managing recurring subscription payments.

By building on Safe's modular architecture, these payment applications introduce capabilities impossible with conventional wallets—users can schedule future transactions, create conditional payments based on external triggers, and implement multi-party approval workflows for corporate spending.

2.3.1 Gnosis Pay

Source: Gnosis Pay

Gnosis Pay is a payment solution that enables direct use of crypto assets in everyday life. By building the first self-custodial debit card system, Gnosis Pay allows users to spend their digital assets at over 80 million Visa merchants worldwide while maintaining control of their private keys. Users can utilize their cryptocurrencies for payments without the cumbersome process of moving funds to centralized exchanges or withdrawing to bank accounts, thus narrowing the gap between blockchain and traditional financial systems.

Safe serves as the core infrastructure for Gnosis Pay services. When users sign up for Gnosis Pay, a Safe smart account is automatically created without gas fees, forming foundation for all asset storage and payment processing. When a user makes a payment with their Visa card, Gnosis Pay network verifies the user's Safe wallet balance in real-time and transfers appropriate amount of EURe (a European regulatory-compliant euro stablecoin) to the issuer's account using Safe's Roles Module.

Gnosis Pay implements a short delay (approximately 3 minutes) for high-value transactions through Safe's Delay Module to prevent malicious transactions. Additionally, users can set daily spending limits up to €8,000 and are able to freeze or unfreeze their cards when necessary.

Gnosis Pay further enhances user experience through multi-chain support and DeFi integration. Thanks to Safe's multi-chain compatibility, users can manage and use assets across various EVM-compatible blockchains while also utilizing their Safe wallets for DeFi interactions, investments, and yield generation. Gnosis Pay users can receive up to 5% cashback in GNO tokens based on their GNO holdings and NFT status, with no monthly service fees or additional conversion fees, providing a cost-effective solution.

Gnosis Pay accounts can be linked to personal IBANs through Monerium, allowing users to send or receive euros via SEPA transfers. This feature enables cryptocurrency users to interact seamlessly with existing banking systems. Currently, Gnosis Pay Visa cards are available in European countries, with Google Pay integration supported for some users and Apple Pay support planned for the future.

2.3.2 El Dorado

Source: El Dorado

El Dorado is a stablecoin-based "superapp" designed for Latin American users, offering safe and accessible digital financial services to users in regions struggling with inflation and currency instability. Operating in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Peru, Venezuela, and other countries, it functions as a P2P payment marketplace where users can easily buy, sell, and trade stablecoins (primarily USDT and USDC) and Bitcoin using local currencies.

The platform's core functionality is its P2P stablecoin trading system. Users can purchase and sell USDT and USDC with local currencies, connecting to over 70 major financial apps across Latin America including Zelle, PayPal, Mercado Pago, Nequi, and Bancolombia, enabling seamless fund movement between platforms. Additionally, through El Dorado Pay, users can instantly transfer USDT to other El Dorado users with no fees.

El Dorado strategically integrates Safe's smart account infrastructure to provide enterprise-grade security and advanced features in its self-custodial wallet. Protected by Safe's audited smart contracts, these wallets give users complete control over their assets while eliminating centralized risks. This approach aligns perfectly with the high demand for self-custodial wallets among Latin American users.

Through Safe's account abstraction technology, El Dorado users enjoy gasless transactions (to pay gas fees with any token) and simplified wallet management for a frictionless experience. Additionally, Safe's built-in smart recovery features allow wallet access recovery even if a primary device is lost, lowering barriers to entry for new users and enhancing overall security.

Since its launch, El Dorado has processed 3.6 million USDT P2P transactions for over 500,000 users, with total trading volume exceeding $100 million. After integrating Safe's infrastructure, El Dorado activated 5,000 wallets and processed over $1 million in transactions in just two months. In 2025, El Dorado plans to launch a B2B tool suite for merchants based on Safe's secure infrastructure, offering features such as gasless USDT payments, bulk salary processing, and simplified corporate fund management.

2.3.3 Superfluid

Source: Superfluid Docs

Superfluid is a decentralized protocol for real-time, onchain money streaming and programmable asset flows. While traditional financial systems process recurring payments like salaries, subscriptions, and rent in monthly or weekly batches, blockchain transactions typically require user signatures for each transaction, making automation difficult. Superfluid eliminates these constraints by introducing a model where funds can flow continuously.

Available on major EVM-compatible chains including Polygon, Arbitrum, Optimism, BNB Chain, Avalanche, and Ethereum, Superfluid currently serves over 330,000 users and hundreds of DAOs and organizations for salary payments, rewards, and recurring payments. It also offers gas efficiency benefits as streams are settled in real-time with each block, reducing gas costs for continuous payments.

The core of Superfluid consists of 'Super Tokens' and 'Super Agreements.' Super Tokens are modified versions of existing ERC-20 tokens that can be streamed in real-time from one wallet to another. Super Agreements, such as the Constant Flow Agreement, enable programming token flows at a fixed rate per second, allowing applications like DAOs to pay contributors in real-time.

When combined with Safe's multisig security architecture, Superfluid's streaming capabilities provide a new dimension of automation and control for fund management. Only authorized signers can initiate or modify streams, maintaining treasury security while automating payment processes and reducing the need for manual operations. This is particularly convenient for DAOs and decentralized organizations collaborating with multiple contributors.

Treasury management platforms like Palmera and Coinshift have integrated Superfluid and Safe to offer advanced features like real-time salary payments, automated DCA (Dollar Cost Averaging) investments, and real-time accounting. These integrations allow Safe users to access Superfluid's streaming capabilities through familiar interfaces, further streamlining financial operations.

2.4 AI Agents

AI agents can automate complex onchain operations for users while providing support for data analysis and informed decision-making. These agents need a secure yet adaptable account infrastructure to effectively interact with blockchains, making Safe's smart accounts an appropriate foundation.

The primary advantage of Safe-based AI agents comes from their ability to balance security with operational flexibility. AI agents that manage assets and execute transactions require robust security measures, yet must remain agile enough to handle automated tasks efficiently. Safe's modular design provides precise control over agent permissions through guards and modules that evaluate transaction risks before execution. This framework enables agents to perform their functions efficiently without requiring full access to user assets.

Safe's account abstraction features also simplify blockchain interactions for everyday users. Through AI agents built on Safe infrastructure, users can request operations using natural language without needing to understand technical elements like private key management or gas calculations. This creates a more accessible entry point to blockchain functionality for a broader audience.

2.4.1 Freysa

Source: Freysa.ai

Freysa is an autonomous crypto AI agent launched on Base network in late 2024, combining artificial intelligence, game theory, and blockchain technology to create a unique adversarial game and research platform. Freysa's core concept involves participants directly challenging an AI agent that controls a cryptocurrency prize pool, with goal of exploring boundaries of AI autonomy and human-AI interaction.

Mechanics of the game involve participants paying a fee in ETH to send messages to the AI in an attempt to persuade it to transfer funds from the prize pool. Each challenge increases the prize pool, and Freysa's AI is intentionally designed to be difficult, programmed to resist users' persuasion attempts. In fact, the first successful attempt occurred after 482 tries, garnering significant interest from AI safety research community.

Freysa uses Safe's infrastructure to present a scalable model where future AI agents and digital twins can autonomously manage assets, interact with protocols, and coordinate with other agents or humans in a secure, decentralized manner. It also employs advanced cryptographic verification, trusted execution environments (TEEs), and zero-knowledge proofs to ensure AI decisions and fund movements are secure and tamper-proof.

Safe wallet is the key infrastructure enabling Freysa's onchain autonomy and secure prize pool management. Freysa's prize pools and operational funds are stored in Safe smart contract wallets, benefiting from verified multisig security and programmable access controls. Safe's modular architecture allows Freysa to function as a "Sovereign Agent," with custom modules or policies defining conditions under which the AI can execute transactions.

2.4.2 Olas

Source: Olas

Olas is a decentralized protocol and network that enables the creation, ownership, and operation of autonomous AI agents on the blockchain. Olas aims to build an open, collectively-owned economy of AI agents that can autonomously perform various tasks such as DeFi trading, participation in prediction markets, portfolio management, and social media automation.

Olas provides an open-source framework that allows developers to build and deploy lightweight, specialized AI agents. Agents built through Olas operate independently or collaboratively to perform diverse functions. From DeFi interactions to portfolio management, prediction market participation, memecoin creation, and social media content posting, these agents can automate a wide range of tasks. Notably, agents can interact with each other and even hire other agents, demonstrating the possibility of a genuine digital labor market. Olas is building a marketplace called 'AI Agent Bazaar' for these agent interactions, establishing the foundation for a true agent economy.

At the core of the Olas ecosystem is a unique consensus mechanism called 'Proof of Active Agent (PoAA).' This combines elements of proof-of-stake and proof-of-work, where agents are rewarded based on their productivity and usefulness as measured by onchain KPIs. Olas's consensus mechanism ensures that agents creating actual value, rather than simply those with the most capital, receive rewards within the network.

All Olas agents and services are managed through Safe smart contract wallets, providing secure and programmable account abstraction for onchain transactions. The Olas SDK automates these Safe wallet setups, ensuring that all agent operations—staking, reward distribution, task execution—are securely performed through Safe accounts. In fact, Olas at one point accounted for more than 10% of all Safe transactions on Gnosis Chain.

2.5 Infrastructure and Security

The scalability of the Safe ecosystem is not limited to just the application level. Through strategic partnerships with blockchain networks and infrastructure-level integrations, Safe provides consistent user experiences across various chains. These infrastructure partnerships play a crucial role in realizing Safe's multi-chain vision and providing customized solutions tailored to the unique characteristics and requirements of each network.

2.5.1 Protofire

Source: Protofire

Protofire is a blockchain development specialist company that serves as an official infrastructure partner and Safe Guardian in the Safe ecosystem, playing a crucial role in deploying and operating Safe infrastructure across various blockchain networks. Based on their experience collaborating directly with the Safe team (then Gnosis Safe) from 2017 to 2020 and participating in core codebase development, they possess deep understanding and expertise in the Safe protocol.

Protofire's primary role is to safely and efficiently deploy Safe infrastructure to new blockchain networks. They operate an integrated platform called 'Superchain Safe' centered around the Optimism Superchain ecosystem, enabling users to create and manage Safes with the same address across the Superchain ecosystem.

Recently, Protofire has been playing a crucial role in expanding the Safe ecosystem by providing Safe infrastructure to various new networks including Abstract, HyperLiquid, and Berachain.

2.5.2 Pimlico

Source: Pimlico

Pimlico is a smart wallet infrastructure project that provides services such as Paymaster and Bundler for building account abstraction-based smart wallets. As of June 2025, they are one of the largest projects in the smart wallet industry, processing over 30% of bundled transactions, and were the first to integrate with Safe's officially launched ERC-4337 module in November 2023.

Pimlico's core value lies in combining developer experience with production-level security. Through the permissionless.js library, they provide a powerful TypeScript-based development environment and implement utility functions to easily create and manage Safe-based smart accounts. Pimlico currently supports over 100 EVM-compatible chains and has a modular architecture that supports all major smart account implementations including Safe, Kernel, Biconomy, and SimpleAccount.

Pimlico enables transaction fee payments not only with native tokens but also with ERC-20 tokens through gas abstraction functionality, and supports wallet social recovery and batch transactions by leveraging Safe's multisig features.

2.5.3 Blockaid

Source: Safe

Founded in 2022 by veterans of Israel's cyber intelligence sector, Blockaid has established itself as a leading security platform for blockchain applications. The company now powers security features for industry giants like MetaMask, Coinbase, and Stellar, offering protection against both onchain vulnerabilities and traditional web security threats.

At the heart of Blockaid's offering is its transaction simulation technology. This system analyzes potential transactions before they're executed, flagging possible risks and alerting users to suspicious activity. Beyond this core functionality, Blockaid provides comprehensive security coverage through smart contract monitoring, application scanning, and advanced threat detection across the blockchain ecosystem.

The partnership between Safe Wallet and Blockaid delivers enhanced security for Safe users. Every transaction passing through Safe undergoes real-time simulation in Blockaid's engine, generating immediate risk assessments. Drawing on an extensive database of known threats, the system delivers precise warnings about suspicious addresses and protects users from sophisticated attacks like address poisoning.

The platform leverages advanced AI and machine learning algorithms to identify patterns and anomalies in transaction data. One of Blockaid's most valuable capabilities is its proactive scanning of Web2 environments to identify emerging scams before they reach blockchain users. The company reports impressive statistics: over 4.5 billion transactions scanned, more than 100 million attacks prevented, and an estimated $4 billion in potential losses averted.

3. Safe: Essential Infrastructure for Web3 Mass Adoption

Safe is a success story that started as an internal project in 2017 and has evolved into core infrastructure of the blockchain ecosystem. Starting from a simple multisig wallet, it has established itself as Web3's ownership layer, managing over $50 billion in assets and deploying over 43 million smart accounts. This growth was not accidental but the result of a consistent strategy of securing scalability through modular architecture, building reliability through continuous security investment, and activating the ecosystem by providing developer-friendly infrastructure.

Safe's vision is clear: to build a user-friendly Web3 environment where anyone can enjoy the benefits of blockchain without complex private key management and technical barriers. The core drivers supporting this are Safe's proven smart contract security, Safe{Core}'s developer experience, and the network effects of an ecosystem with over 200 participating applications. From WorldCoin's 10 million users to DAO treasury management, Safe is already fundamentally changing how individuals and organizations manage digital assets.

Safe's success factors are not limited to technical excellence alone. Seven years of accumulated practical experience, an ecosystem with over 200 participating projects, and comprehensive tools and documentation that developers can easily integrate have combined to create its current position. Particularly, innovative applications like Brahma, Palmera, and Enso Finance are creating new value on top of Safe's infrastructure, demonstrating that Safe functions as a platform for innovation beyond mere infrastructure.

As core infrastructure for Web3 mass adoption, Safe is establishing new standards for digital ownership while providing the foundation for cryptocurrency to naturally permeate daily life.